初中英語知識點總結(范文14篇)。

總結是事后對某一階段的學習、工作或其完成情況加以回顧和分析的一種書面材料，它可以有效鍛煉我們的語言組織能力，因此我們需要回頭歸納，寫一份總結了?？偨Y你想好怎么寫了嗎？下面是小編精心整理的初中英語知識點總結，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。

初中英語知識點總結 篇1

（一）掌握動詞的現在時第三人稱單數、過去式、過去分詞和現在分詞四種形式的構成規則；

1、動詞現在時的第三人稱單數的構成：

詞尾加-s look-looks find-finds

以s,x,ch,sh或o結尾詞尾加-es watch-watches,push-pushes

以“輔音字母+y”結尾變y為i再加-es fly-flies,apply-applies

2、動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構成：

①規則動詞的變化：

詞尾加-ed look-looked,looked

以e結尾詞尾加-d live-lived,lived

以“輔音字母+Y”結尾，變y為i，再加-ed carry-carried,carried

以重讀閉音節或r音節結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped

②不規則動詞的變化。（略）

3、動詞的現在分詞的構成：

直接加-ing look-looking watch-watching

以e結尾去e加-ing come-coming move-moving

以重讀閉音節或r音節結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ing swim-swimming

以ie結尾且為重讀開音節變ie加y再加ing die-dying lie-lying

（二）掌握動詞六種時態的基本結構，主要用法及區別（一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去進行時、現在進行時和現在完成時）

1、一般現在時

①一般現在時常用來表示現在習慣或經常反復發生的動作，與always,usually,often,sometimes,every day(week,month)等連用；表示現在的事實或狀態；表示主語所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客觀事實或普遍其理。

②一般現在時的構成：

一般現在時通常以動詞原形表示，但當主語是第三人稱單數時，動詞原形后需加-s或-es。

She likes biology very much.她非常喜歡生物。

They often go to school by bike.他們通常騎車上學。

2、一般過去時

①一般過去時表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與表示過去時間的副詞如：yesterday,last week,two hours ago等連用；表示過去一段時間經?；蚍磸桶l生的動作，這時可與頻度副詞often,usually,always等連用；表示過去發生的一連串動作，以及在時間和條件狀語從句中，用一般過去時表示過去將來的動作。

②一般過去時的構成：一般過去時由動詞的過去式構成。

We met each other on the street yesterday.我們昨天在街上碰見了。

She often went swimming last year.她去年經常去游泳。

They moved the chairs to the table,sat down and began to have supper.

他們把椅子搬到桌邊，坐下開始吃飯。

Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.瑪麗告訴我如果下雨她就呆在家里。

3、一般將來時

①一般將來時表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與表示將來的時間狀語如next month,tomorrow,in a week,soon等連用。

②一般將來時的構成：

（1）一般將來時由“助動詞will/shall+動詞原形”構成。其中shall主要用于主語是第一人稱（I和we）的疑問句中。

（2）也可以用“be going to+動詞原形”這個結構來表示根據目前跡象很有可能發生的某件事情，或是打算、計劃、以及決定要做某件事情等。

They will have a class meeting next Tuesday.他們下周二將舉行班會。

We shall meet at the school gate.我們將在學校大門口見。

It is going to rain.要下雨了。

4、現在進行時

①現在進行時表示現在正在進行或發生的動作，常與now,at present,at this,moment等連用；或與these days,this week/month等連用，表示現階段正在進行的動作。有時還與always,continually,forever等詞連用，表示反復出現的動作，代替一般現在時，表達說話人強烈的感情。如贊揚、不滿、討厭等。如：588.es

He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提這類愚蠢的問題。

②現在進行時的構成：

現在進行時由“be(am/is/are)+V-ing”構成。

They are watching TV now.他們正在看電視。

The dog is enjoying his meal.小狗正在吃飯。

5、過去進行時

①過去進行時的用法與現在進行時用法相同，只不過參照的時間基準點不同。

過去進行表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。一般和特定的時間狀語或狀語從句連用。如：then,at that time,at eight yesterday,this time yesterday,when he came in等。

②過去進行時的構成與現在進行時類似，只不過把be(am,is,are)變為過去式（was,were）

They were watching TV at that time.他們那會正在看電視。

The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday.小狗昨天這個時候正在吃飯。

6、現在完成時

①表示動作已經完成，但后果或影響仍在，常與already,just,yet等副詞連用；或是表示過去發生的動作一直持續到現在，常與for或since引導的一段時間狀語連用。

②現在完成時由助動詞“have/has+過去分詞”構成。

He has already come back.他已經回來了。

He has lived here for three years.他在此住了兩年了。

（三）掌握系動詞be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法

常見的連系動詞有：become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fall等。它們后面常接形容詞，構成系表結構。

Please keep the classroom clean.請保持教室的干凈。

The bread looks very fresh.這些面包看上去很新鮮。

（四）了解過去將來時、過去完成時態的基本用法；

①過去將來時表示從過去某一時點看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時和一般將來時的構成相同，只是把will,shall變為過去式would,should，把助動詞be的過去式變為過去式was或were而已。如：

They were going to have a meeting.他們曾打算開會。

②過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已完成的行為或存在的狀態。與現在完成的用法相同，只不過作為衡量基準點的時間點不同，現在完成時以現在作為衡量的基準點，而過去完成時則以過去某個時刻作為基準點。它表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”，常by,before引導的時間狀語連用。如：

By the time he was ten,Edison had built a lab for himself.

到愛迪生10歲時，他已給自己建了一個實驗室。

She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她說她已在那所醫院工作20年了。

（五）掌握助動詞be,do,have,shall,will的`基本用法；

助動詞是“輔助性”動詞，一般沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語，但可用來幫助構成謂語，表示不同的時態，語態，和數的變化。

常見的助動詞有：

（1）be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)與現在分詞結合，構成各種進行時態；或與過去分詞結合構成被動語態。

I’m looking for my pen.我正在找我的筆。（現在進行時）

These cups are made in China.這些杯子是中國制造的。（被動語態）

（2）have(has,had,having)與過去分詞結合，構成完成時。

They have known each other for twenty years.

他們互相認識有二十年了。（現在完成時）

He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.

他十歲時就已經為自己建了一個化學實驗室。（過去完成時）

（3）do(does,did)助動詞do后只能跟動詞原形，與not及其他動詞結合構成否定句，或置于主語之前構成疑問句。

He does not speak English.他不說英語。

When did he come back?他什么時候回來的？

（4）will(would),shall(should)will能用于一般將來時的任何人稱后；would是will的過去時，能用于過去將來時；兩者后面都接動詞原形。

The plane will arrive in ten minutes.飛機十分中后將要到達。

I was sure we would win.我確信用我們會贏。

shall與should這兩個助動詞本身沒有詞義，shall只能用于一般將來時的第一人稱后；should是shall的過去時，只能用于過去將來時的第一人稱后；兩者后面都接動詞原形。

We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow.我們明天將在校門口見。

I told them that I should do the work alone.我告訴他們我將獨自做那項工作。

（一）掌握情態動詞can,must,need,may等基本句型結構及主要用法

①情態動詞在英文中是“輔助性”動詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態，包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務、能力等。情態動詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全，不能單獨用作謂語，沒有人稱和數的變化，且后面只跟動詞原形。

②情態動詞的種類：

can could能

may might可以（或許）

must must(had to)必須（不得不）

will would愿意

shall should應該

need needed需要

dare dared敢于

③can的用法

（1）表示體力或腦力方面的“能力”，也能表示根據客觀條件能做某事的“能力”。

The boy can swim very well.

Who can answer this question?

（2）表示允許

The students can leave after the meeting.

When can I get the news?

（3）表示推測

It can be wrong.

Who can your new teacher next term?

④could的用法

（1）can的過去式，表示過去有能力及過去的可能性。

They could run very fast when they were young.

Could you speak English at that time?

（2）表示客氣地請求或委婉地陳述意見。

Could I borrow your bike?

Could you listen to me carefully?

（3）表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度

How could that be?

She couldn’t know me.

⑤must的用法

（1）．表示義務，命令或必要

You must finish it before 5 o’clock.

Must I hand it in now?

（2）．表示肯定的推測：一定

She must be a pretty girl.

You must be wrong.

⑥need的用法588.es

(1)表示“需要，必須”，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。

We need to pay more attention.

Need I call him for you?

（2）need引導的疑問句，肯定回答時多用must，否定回答時用needn’t。

Need he come?他必須來嗎？

Yes,he must.是的，必須來。

No,he needn’t.不，他不必來。

⑦may的用法

（1）表示請求、許可、可以

May I ask you some questions?

May we start now?

（2）表示推測說話人的猜測，認為某一事情“或許”或“可能”發生。

He may be 25 years old.

We may come back in three days.

（3）may用于感嘆句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。

May you success!

May you have a nice trip！

⑧should的用法

should意思是“應該”，表示勸告或建議（=ought to）

Who should I meet this afternoon?

You should pack you bag quickly.

（二）了解一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時三種時態的被動語態的結構形式及其基本用法

被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動意義。被動語態由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞（p.p.）”構成。被動語態的時態變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化亦如此。

1．一般現在時的被動語態（am/is/are+done）

English is spoken by lots of people in the world.世界上的許多人都說英語。

Class meeting is held every Thursday.每周四都舉行班會。

The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.學生們每天都打掃教室。

2．一般過去時的被動語態(was/were+done)

The cup was broken by the boy.杯子被那個男孩打碎了。

He was saved at last.他最終獲救了。

My bike was stolen.我的自行車被偷了。

3．一般將來時的被動語態(will/shall be+done;would/should be+done)

A speech will be given this afternoon.今天下午有一個演講。

A new road will be built next year.明年要修一條新馬路。

I think thousands of people will be helped.我認為將有數千人得到幫助。

（三）了解含有情態動詞的被動語態的構成形式及其基本用法

情態動詞的被動語態結構為：情態動詞+be+過去分詞;其時態及句型的變化僅由情態動詞完成，“be+過去分詞”部分不變。如：

Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。

Tables could be made of stone at that time.那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時）

Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）

（四）動詞不定式的基本用法

動詞不定式在句子中可充當主語、賓語、表語和賓語補足語和狀語（包括目的狀語，結果狀語和原因狀語。）

1）作主語

To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高興。

It is difficult to drive in the mountains.(=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)

在山里開車很困難。

2）作賓語

①后接不定式作賓語的及物動詞多是表示“意愿”、“企圖”等的動詞，如：

hope,want,wish,desire,like,decide,try，promise,refuse.

I want to talk with her.我想和她談談。

She has decided to go.她已決定要走。

②在feel,find,think,consider,made等動詞后如果是不定式作賓語，而補語是形容詞，則通常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語即不定式移至形容詞之后。如：

I find it impossible to forget her.我發現忘掉她是不可能的。

He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他認為帶把傘是必要的。

3）作表語

Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成為一名教師。

Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任務是打掃教室。

4）作賓語補足語

He wants me to come earlier.他想要我來得更早些。

The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他們轉過身。

5）作目的狀語：

She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打開窗子好讓新鮮空氣進來。

I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那兒看她了。

6）作結果狀語：

He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再走了。

He is not old enough to join the army.他年齡太小，不能參軍。

7）作原因狀語：

不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的形容詞之后，可以表示引起這些情感的原因。

I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉給你帶來麻煩。

I’m glad to see you.見到你真高興。

初中英語知識點總結 篇2

簡單句的五種基本句型

1.“主語+謂語”(即“主謂”句型)

例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析：“they”(主語)“arrived”(謂語)。

2.“主語+謂語+賓語”(即“主謂賓”句型)

例：I study English.分析：“I”(主語)“study”(謂語動作)“English”(賓語即動作涉及的對象)。

3.“主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語”(即“主謂雙賓”句型)

例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our

teacher”(主語)“教”(謂語動作)“us”(間接賓語)“English”(直接賓語)。

4.“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”(即“主謂賓賓補”句型)

例：He asked her to go there.分析：“he”(主語)“asked”(謂語動作)“her”(賓語即動作涉及的對象)“to go

there”(補語—補充說明賓語做什么)。

5.“主語+系動詞+表語”(即“主系表”句型)

常用的.系動詞有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn,

look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste,等。

例：I am a teacher.分析：“I”(主語)“am”(系動詞)“a teacher”(表語—即表明主語的身份)。

初中英語知識點總結 篇3

形容詞和副詞比較級的用法

(1)“甲+be+(倍數)+形容詞比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…幾倍”。

Tom is taller than Kate.湯姆比凱特高。

This room is three times bigger than that>這個房間比那個大三倍。

(2)“甲+實意動詞+(倍數)+副詞比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…幾倍”。

I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。

He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。

初中英語知識點總結 篇4

1，一日三餐前：I have lunch我吃中餐

2，球類，棋類，I play chess我下象棋，Iplayfootball我踢足球

3，星期I go to school on Monday我在星期一去上學

4，月份：Children’s Day is in June兒童節在六月

5，年份He was born in20xx他出生于20xx年

6，節日前：On Teachers’ Day在教師節

7，學科前：I have math class我上數學課

8，語言：I speak English well我說英語很好

初中英語知識點總結 篇5

在英語中，謂語動詞在人稱和數上必須和主語保持一致。

1、以there或here引起的句子，謂語是be動詞時，如果主語是并列的幾個名詞，謂語動詞應和最靠近它的一個名詞保持人稱和數的一致。

例如：

There are two trees and a well behind the house.

Here is an apple,two oranges and some peaches for you.

2、由neither…nor/either…or/not only…but also/not…but等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與最靠近他的.一個名詞或代詞保持人稱和數上的一致。

例如：

Neither jack nor I have seen the film.

Either you or I am worry.

Not only you but also he comes here every day.

3、each和由some/any/one/every/構成的復合代詞，都作單數看待，謂語動詞應用單數形式。

例如：

Each of us has something to say .

Is everyboday ready?

Someboday is using the phone.

4、主語后接with/together with/as well as/but等短語作定語時，謂語形式不受定語的影響。

例如：

The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.

5、many a(許多)和more than one(不止一個)等作定語去修飾作主語的單數可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數。

例如：

Many a way has been tried.

6、pair of等表示數量的名詞短語修飾主語時，謂語的形式要與pair等名詞形式一致。常見的有：pair of/kind of/type of/box of等。(但a lot of/lots of和a number of不屬于這一類)。

例如：

There is a pair of shoes left.

7、從句或短語(包括不定式和動名詞)作主語時，往往表達一種抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數。

例如：

Waving hand is to say“goodbye”.

What he said is wrong.

8、maths/news/physics/the united states等單數概念，復數形式的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數。

例如：

The united states was founded in 1776.

9、時間、距離、金錢、重量、容量等名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。

例如：

Twenty years is a long time.

Two hundreds dollars is a lot of money.

10、the number of+名詞，謂語動詞用單數：a number of+名詞，謂語動詞用復數。

初中英語知識點總結 篇6

一、陳述句

陳述句是陳述一個事實或者說話人的看法的，陳述句分為肯定句和否定句。陳述句句末用句號，朗讀時用降調。

1、肯定句的基本結構為：主+謂 He went to London to pass his holiday.

2、否定句的表達方式

（1）主語+be+not+表語 He is not a teacher.

（2）主語+助動詞/情態動詞+not+謂語動詞+其他 I dont think you are right.

He hasnt yet paid the money. （他尚未付錢。）

（3）使用“not”以外的否定詞：

（a）副詞：never, seldom, hardly, little, neither等 。She seldom comes to see me. （她不常來看我。）

（b）形容詞：no, few, little等 He has few friends in Hong Kong. （他在香港幾乎沒有朋友。）

（c）代詞：nothing, nobody, none等。 I found nobody about computer. （在那棟房子里我沒看到任何人。）

二、疑問句

疑問句的主要交際功能是提出問題，詢問情況。分為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句和反意疑問句。

1、一般疑問句通常用來詢問一件事情是否屬實。答句通常是"yes或no"。

句型一：Be +主語+ …? Are these books on the desk? 這些書在桌子上嗎？

句型二：Do / Does / Did + 主語 +謂語+…? Do you like English? 你喜歡英語嗎？

句型三：情態動詞 + 主語 + 謂語 +…?

Must I finish my homework now? 我必須現在完成我的家庭作業嗎？

句型四：Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞+…?

Have you heard from him? 你收到他的來信嗎？

另外，還有以be動詞、助動詞或情態動詞的否定縮寫形式開頭的一般疑問句，這種句子一般表示請求、驚訝和對事物的看法等,回答時所用的yes和no表達的意思和漢語的習慣不同。例如; --Isnt he tall?難道他不高嗎？

-- Yes,he is.不，他很高。

2、特殊疑問句以疑問詞開頭，對句中某一成分提問的.句子叫特殊疑問句。常用的疑問詞有：what 、who 、whose 、which、 when、 where、 how 、why等。例如：

who is singing in the room？

what class are you in﹖

3、選擇疑問句提出兩個或兩個以上可能的答案供對方選擇。選擇疑問句的兩種或兩種以上的情況用or 連接，不能用yes或no回答，而是就其選擇內容直接回答。這類疑問句有兩種形式：

一種是：一般疑問句+or+被選擇部分？， 這一類選擇疑問句通常都是在前一個供選擇的答案用低升調，后一個用降調；如果有兩個以上供選擇的答案，則在最后一個用降調，其余都用低升調。例如： Would you like a gin，or a whisky，or a `beer？ 你是要喝杜松子酒，還是威士忌酒，還是啤酒？

另一種是：特殊疑問句+被選擇部分（A)+or+被選擇部分（B）？，也是在語調上有所區別。例如： Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one ?

4、反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句，是指當提問的人對前面所敘述的事實不敢肯定，而需要向對方加以證實時所提出的問句。其結構為：前一部分是一個陳述句，后一部分是一個簡單的問句。完成后一部分簡單問句時，要根據前面陳述句的動詞時態和人稱來選擇適當的助動詞進行提問，前后兩部分的人稱和動詞時態要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分為否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。 例如：They work hard, don’t they?

She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?

They havent been in beijing for three years,have they?

.反義疑問句的回答用yes， no， 但是，當陳述部分是否定形式時，回答要按事實。如：

They don’t work hard, do they? 他們不太努力工作，是嗎？

Yes, they do. 不，他們工作努力。/No, they don’t. 對， 他們工作不努力。

注意：

1）當陳述句的主語是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody時，簡短問句中的主語通常用they。如果陳述句的主語是非人稱的復合詞，如everything, something, anything, 則簡短問句中相應的人稱代詞是單數的中性詞it。后面的疑問句應表示為：

I am a student, aren’t I

Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they?

Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn’t it?

Nobody will go, will they?

2）當陳述部分是I think/believe/ expect/ suppose/imagine 加從句時，疑問句應和從句的人稱時態保持一致。 I think chickens can swim, can’t they?

3）當陳述部分是祈使句時，一般情況下用will you 或 wont you。

Give me a hand,will you?

4）以Lets開頭的祈使句，疑問句必須用shall we;只有以Let usLet me開頭的祈使句，問句才用will you。

5）There be 句型中，反義疑問部分必須為be 動詞 + there.

6）當陳述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, nothing 等否定詞時，后面的疑問句則必須用肯定式。

常見考法

對于陳述句和疑問句的考查，常會以單選，完形填空或句子填空的形式出現?？疾橹R點往往集中在反意疑問句的構成與回答、選擇疑問句或陳述句與疑問句的轉換方面。

典型例題：I dont think he is bright, ?

A is he B isnt he C do I D dont I

解析：本題考查反意疑問句的構成。當陳述部分是I think 加從句時，疑問句應和從句的人稱時態保持一致。所以排除C和D；主句部分dont表明是否定句，所以后面應用肯定形式。

答案：A

誤區提醒

對于反意疑問句的回答，一定要根據事實來回答，尤其是“前否定，后肯定”的反意疑問句的回答，更是我們容易出錯的地方，一定要注意哦！

典型例題：——Youve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you?

——_________. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.

A Yes, I have B No, I havent C No, I have D Yes, I havent

解析：本題考查反意疑問句的回答。根據答語“我多么希望去參觀恐龍世界”可知他沒去過恐龍世界，沒見過恐龍蛋，根據“Yes+肯定事實”和“No+否定事實”的原則，可以得出答案。

答案：B

初中英語知識點總結 篇7

1.should可表示惋惜、憂慮、歡欣、驚訝等感情色彩以及婉轉語氣。

Its a pity that she leave so soon. 很可惜，她很快就要離開了。(惋惜)

They were worried that their motherland should be in such great

danger.他們因祖國處在如此巨大的危險中而感到憂慮。(憂慮)

It is unbelievable that my brother should be working so

hard.難以置信，我弟弟工作竟然如此努力。(驚訝)

I should think your answer is correct. 我想你的答案該是對的吧。(婉轉)

2.would可用于委婉的.陳述、客氣的請求和委婉的建議。

I don’t think he would be so careless. 我認為他不會那么粗心。

Would you like to come to my birthday party? 你想來參加我的生日聚會嗎?

3.dare可表示“膽敢”。

I dare not say such rude things.我不敢說粗話。

4.need可表示“需要”。

Need I finish the task this afternoon? 我今天下午要完成任務嗎?

Tom, you needn’t worry too much. 湯姆，沒必要這么擔心。

這里借用一下網友總結的記憶口訣：

動詞原形接后面，說話語氣較委婉。

can 能力may許可，must責任或義務。

否定回答needn’t換，需要need, dare敢。

should應該，would愿，have to被迫表客觀。

情態動詞雖然數量有限，但用法廣泛。清楚所有情態動詞的表示意義，對英語遣詞造句具有非常重要的作用。

初中英語知識點總結 篇8

一、動詞+介詞

at…看…，look like … 看上去像……，look after …照料…

to…聽……

to…歡迎到……

hello to …向……問好

to…對……說話

此類短語相當于及物動詞，其后必須帶賓語，但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。如：

This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)

This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)

二、動詞+副詞

“動詞+副詞”所構成的`短語義分為兩類：

A.動詞(vt.)+副詞

on 穿上 off脫下 down記下

此類短語可以帶賓語，賓語若是名詞，放在副詞前后皆可;賓語若是人稱代詞，只能放在副詞的前面。試比較：

First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√)

First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)

First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)

B.動詞(vi)+副詞。

on趕快 up起床 home回家 in進來 down坐下 up起立

此類短語屬于不及物動詞，不可以帶賓語。

三、其它類動詞詞組

the door the same to work/class ill a look/seat supper young shopping TV/games 10. play games.

四、介詞短語聚焦

“介詞+名詞/代詞”所構成的短語稱為介詞短語?，F將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。

語言/顏色/衣帽等，表示使用某種語言或穿著……。如：in English，in the hat

+ Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在……排/隊/班級/年級”等。

the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段時間。

the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室里”。

the tree表示“在樹上 (非樹本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在樹上(為樹本身所有)”。如：There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees.

初中英語知識點總結 篇9

一，表示并列關系的連詞有：

and,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also，as well as

1．and“和，并且”，連接對等的詞句。（在否定句中要用or連接。）

I like physics and chemistry.我喜歡物理和化學。

I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜歡物理和化學。

2．both…and“……和……都”

Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和瑪麗都去看電影了。

Exercise is good both for body and for mind.運動有益于身心。

3．neither…nor兩者皆不

He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽煙又不喝酒。

I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜歡游泳，又不喜歡溜冰。

4．either…or不是…就是…，或者…或者….。

Either you come to the office now,or wait for me at home.

你要么現在到辦公室來，要么就在家等著。

Either he or I will leave.不是他就是我將要離開。

5．not only…but(also)不但……而且……(not only…but also中的also可以省略。)

Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她錯了，我也錯了。

He not only made a promise,but kept it.他不僅許諾，而且做到了。

6．as well as也、又

We will rescue Henry as well as you.除了你，我們還要營救亨利。

He likes basketball as well as football.除了足球，他還喜歡籃球。

二、常用的從屬連詞：

（一）引導時間狀語從句的連詞有：when,while,since,until,after,before,as soon as

1．when當……時

When we got there,the meeting had begun.我們到時，會議已經開始了。

It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到達車站時，正在下雨。588.es

2．while正當……時，正在……時。（while引導的從句中，謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞，且常常用進行時。

Don’t make any noise while others are reading.別人讀書時不要制造噪音。

She sang while she was walking.她邊走邊唱。

3．since自從

It’s just a month since we arrived here.我們到這兒剛好一月了。

My mother has been ill since I left home.自從我離開家我媽媽就一直生病。

4．until直到……為止

Until you told me,I knew nothing at all about it.在我告訴我之前，我對此之外無所知。

He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到會議開始他才露面。

5．before在……之前

after在……之后

I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到達之后給你打電話。

Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要說再見。

6．as soon as一……就

I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回來就去拜訪你。

Please tell him as soon as you see him.你一看見他就請告訴他。

（二）引導原因狀語從句的連詞：because,since,as,for,now that

1．because因為(because與so不能并用。)

I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest.我不能信任他，因為他不誠實。

She didn’t come because she didn’t know it.她沒有來，因為她不知道。

2．since既然

Since he says so,it must be true.既然他這么說，那一定是真的。

Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然問，我就告訴你。

3．as因為，由于

As we are hungry,let’s have supper.由于大家餓了，我們就吃晚飯吧。

Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.

由于天越來越黑，媽媽開始為哥哥著急。

4．for因為

We can't go for it is raining.我們不能走，因為正在下雨。

I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.

我在晚會上玩得很盡興，因為所有的個人我都很熟悉。

5．now that既然

Now that he is unhappy,let’s leave him alone.既然他不高興，我們就讓他自己呆著吧。

Now that she feels sorry,please forgive her.既然她很后悔，就請原諒她吧。

（三）引導結果狀語從句：so…that,such…that

1．so…that如此……以致

She is so tired that he can’t go any further.她太累了，不能再走了。

She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole.這貓太大了鉆不進這洞。

2．such…that如此……以致

It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.這地方太美了，令我留戀返。

It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.

天氣這么好，許多人都到公園里來玩樂。

（四）引導目的狀語從句的連詞：so that,in order that以便

They hurried so that they can get there on time.他們加快了速度，為的是能夠按時到達。

I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.為了去釣魚，我租了條小船。

（五）引導比較狀語從句的'連詞：than,as…as

He is taller than his brother.他比他兄弟高。

She could draw as well as her teacher.她能畫得跟她的老師一樣好。

（六）引導讓步狀語從句的連詞：though,although（though與although的用法基本一樣）

Although it rained hard,he still went out.盡管雨下得很大，他還是出去了。

Even though I have enough time,I don’t want to go there with him.

盡管我有時間，可我并不想跟他去那。

初中英語知識點總結 篇10

知識點總結

一、 形容詞是用來描寫或修飾名詞或代詞，說明人或事物的特征或性質的， 形容詞往往被譯成“···的”。用法如下:

1.做定語。e.g. This is an old house.

2.做表語。e.g.I am sorry to hear that.

3.做賓語不足語。e.g.She made her mother angry.

4.形容詞在句中的位置。 形容詞做定語修飾名詞時，放在名詞前面。修飾不定代詞時要放在不定代詞之后。

e.g.She is a clever girl.

I saw something white in the water.

5.某些形容詞前加上定冠詞the,可以代表一類人或東西，可以用作主語，賓語等。做主語時當復數看待。

e.g.The old are well looked after.

We all love the beautiful.

二、 形容詞的等級變化

在英語中形容詞有原級，比較級和最高級之分。原級就是它們的原形，比較級和最高級有規則變化和不規則變化。

（一）形容詞的比較級和最高級變化

1.規則變化

單音節詞和部分雙音節詞

(1)一般在詞尾加er,est. hard---harder---hardest great---greater---greatest

(2)以字母e結尾的加r,st. nice---nicer----nicest able---abler----ablest

(3)重讀閉音節中末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫輔音字母，再加er,est.

big---bigger---biggest （另外還有fat， red，hot,wet,sad,mad ,thin )

(4) 以 -y 結尾,但 -y 前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把 -y 去掉,加 上 -ier 和-est 構成. happy (原形) happier (比較級) happiest (最高級)

(5)雙音節和多音節形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more 和 most 加在形容詞前面來構成。

例如： beautiful (原級) difficult (原級)

more beautiful (比較級) more difficult (比較級)

most beautiful (最高級) most difficult (最高級)

2、 常用的不規則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級:

原級 比較級 最高級

good better best

many more most

much more most

bad worse worst

little less least

ill worse worst

far farther(further) farthest(furthest)

三、形容詞比較等級的用法:

1、形容詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較,其結構形式如下:

主語+謂語(系動詞)+ 形容詞比較級+than+ 對比成分。例如：Our teacher is taller than we are. 我們老師的.個子比我們的高。

比較級前面可以用even, still, yet , any, much, rather, a little, a lot, by far等修飾語用以加強語氣或表示比較程度。

2、形容詞最高級的用法: 形容詞最高級用于兩個以上的人和物進行比較,形容詞最高級 前必須加the,后面多用of……， in……短語表示范圍：其結構形式為:

主語+謂語(系動詞)+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句。

She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的學生。

He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三個男孩中最高的一個。

四、 有關比較等級的特殊句型及應注意的問題

1. “比較級 ＋ and + 比較級”或“more and more / less and less + 原級”結構表示“越來越……”的意思，與這類結構搭配的常用動詞有grow, get, become等。

She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.她覺得自己越來越緊張。

it's getting colder and colder.天氣越來越冷。

2. the + 比較級 + of the two + 名詞。表示“兩個中較···的一個'

Jane is the taller of the two children in our family. Jane是我家兩個孩子中較高的。

3. “the + 比較級……，the + 比較級……”，表示“越……，越……”。

The more magazines you sell, the more money you will get.你賣的雜志越多，你掙的錢就越多。

4.“．．．as + 形容詞 + as．．．”或“．．．as + 形容詞 + 名詞 + as．．．”構成，表示同等比較。

常見考法

對于形容詞的考查，多以單選或詞語運用的形式考查學生在具體語境中靈活運用形容詞的能力，尤其是在各種比較句型中靈活運用形容詞。

例如： Which month is____, June, July or August?

A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest

解析：三者及以上比較用最高級形式，形容詞最高級前必須加the，所以應用the hottest

誤區提醒

在分辨比較等級時，對于易混淆形容詞、副詞，要謹慎對待。

典型例題：Don't just believe the ad.That kind of camera is it says.

A.as good as B.not so good as C.as well as D.not as well as

解析：根據第二句的謂語動詞be可以確定空白處缺少表語。此處的表語應由形容詞充當，而 well表示“好”是副詞，因此排除 C和D；根據第一句的意思我們可以知道說話者的觀點，故此排除A.

答案：B

初中英語知識點總結 篇11

I.要點

表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。

1、虛擬語氣的構成

如：與現在事實相反

If I had more time， I should study German.(fact:I have no more time， so I shall not study German.)

If she were not so busy， she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy， so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.) If they didn’t take physical eXercises every day， they

wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical eXercises every day， so they are very healthy.)

與過去事實相反：

I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s eXamination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s eXam， so I didn’t check my paper again) You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ，so he hasn’t recovered from his illness ) 與將來事實相反：

If it rains tomorrow， our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.) If it rained tomorrow， our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.) If it should rain tomorrow， our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our eXpectation.) If it were to rain tomorrow， our picnic would be put off.(條件從句謂語動詞用were to +動詞原形，表示下雨的可能性極小。Were to rain和should rain都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加強表示“當初沒想到以后的事”)

注：

(（1)如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had， should， could

有時可將if省去，但要倒裝。如：

Had you (If you had)invited us， we would have come to your party.

(2）混合時間條件句的用法：

有時條件從句的動作和主句動作發生的時間不一致。這時動詞的形式，應根據它所要表達的具體時間來決定用什么形式。

（1)If she hadn’t trained so hard， she wouldn’t be run so fast.(從句敘述過去，主句敘述現在。) (fact: she has trained very hard， so she would able to run fast.)

（2）You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句敘述現在，從句敘述過去)

(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced )reading and speaking it every day， so you can’t speak English well enough.)

(3）在其他狀語從句中的。用法

主要用于由as if (as though)引導的比較狀語從句，從句中謂語動詞一般用“動詞的過去式(be變were )或had +過去分詞?！比纾?She looked as if she were ill.(實際上她沒有病，在這里用虛擬語氣補語比喻她精神不佳)

Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(這里用虛擬語氣表現他的英語說得好)

2、虛擬語氣在各種從句的.應用

(（1)在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省)+動詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。 句型一、It is necessary (important， natural， strange， etc)that…

句型二、It is a pity (a shame， no wonder， etc)that… 句型三、It is suggested (requested， proposed， desired， etc)that…

如：It is strange that he (should)have done that. It is a pity that he (should)be so careless. It is requested that we (should)be so careless.

(2）在賓語從句中用于suggest， propose， move， insist， desire， demand， request， order， command等動詞后的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：

I suggest that we (should)go swimming.

(3）在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion， proposal， request， orders， idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如： His suggestion is that we (should)leave at once. （4)在同位語從句中，謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如： We received order that the work be done at once.

（5)在It is time that…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是"動詞的過去式"或"should +動詞原形"，should不可省。如： Its time (that)we went ( should go)to school.

初中英語知識點總結 篇12

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料) 52 be not sure 表不確定

53 be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎

55 be quiet 安靜 56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you

59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you

61 be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : Hes strict in obeying noles

62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格

63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: Im sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的.大腦(老師)

68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: Im suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試

69 be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語

70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

72 be the same as … 和什么一樣 73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺

74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句

76 because+句子 because of +短語

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache

77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么開始什么

eg : Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home

78 between…and… 兩者之間

79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什么東西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen

80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth

eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station

我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了

Hes bothering me to lend him money

82 by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang

84 care 關心 eg : Dont you care about this countrys future ?你為什么不關心國家的未來

85 catch up with sb 趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地

87 come in 進88 come over to 過來

89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎?

90 communicate with sb 和某人交流

91 consider + doing 考慮做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州?

92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞

93 decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

96 do wrong 做錯 97 Dont forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Dont mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……

99 each +名(單)每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書

100 end up +doing

101 enjoy +doing喜歡

102 escape from 從……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監獄里逃跑出來

103 expect to do sth 期待做某事

104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來

105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什么

初中英語知識點總結 篇13

每年的中考試卷中，“句型轉換”題所占分值較大，是為了全面考查學生在初中階段所學的詞匯(同義或反義)、短語、句型和語法等方面的知識及其它的之間的靈活運用能力。

Ⅰ.題型介紹

所謂“句型轉換”就是先給一個完整的句子A，再根據括號內的要求(有時沒有明確，須自己觀察)，在第二個句子B的空白處填上適當的詞來完成的句型轉換。

Ⅱ.題型分類

從形式上看，有如下幾種形式：①某一詞或詞組的轉換;②詞組與句子的轉換;③同義句型的轉換;④為糾正常犯語言錯誤而設計的題目。

從內容上看，此題型涉及的面較廣，主要有：①句子功能方面的轉換。包括陳述句(肯定與否定)、四種題疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句的轉換;②句子結構方面的轉換。即簡單句、復合句、并列句之間的轉換;③語態的轉換。即主動語態與被動語態之間的轉換;④常用句型與詞匯手段的轉換。

Ⅲ.具體分類如下

一、陳述句與疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句間的轉換

1、陳述句中肯定句變為否定句，大部分是用not來改變謂語結構，但也有借用否定意義的詞，如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等，例如：

A：Tom does well in maths.

B：Tom doesn't do in maths.

A：He has much to do.

B：He has nothing to do.【WWw.373939.cOM 實用申請書】

A：All of my classmates like art.

B：None of my classmates likes art.

2、改為疑問句。根據上下句的結構和詞的減少，來判斷變為哪一種形式的疑問句。例如：

A：My brother often has breakfast at school.

B： Does your brother often have breakfast at school?

A：Tom's already weak in English.

B：Tom's already weak in English, isn't he ?

A：The red light changes every two minutes.

B：How often does the red light change?

3、改為感嘆句。根據所給的句子結構和單詞的詞性，來確定使用哪一種感嘆句的形式，例如：

A：This is an interesting book.

B：What an interesting book this is!

或 How interesting this book is!

二、同義句轉換。

根據上句，寫出一個意思相同(或相近)的下句，此類形式繁多，內容復雜，涉及面廣，歸類如下：

1、同義詞或詞組之間的轉換。(通常上下句時態保持一致)。

常見的同義詞或詞組有：(1)四個“花費”(spend-take-cost-take);(2)三個“到達”(get to-reach-arrive in/at);(3)四個“收到…來信”(hear from-get a letter from-receive a letter from-have a letter from);(4)兩個“擅長于…”(be good at -do well in);(5)兩個“有空”(be free-have time);(6)三個“入睡”(go to sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep);(7)兩個“玩得開心”(enjoy oneself-have a good time);(8)“給…打電話”(call sb-telephone sb-ring sb. a call-make a telephone to sb.)(9)“飛往…”(fly to…-go to…by air/plane)(10)“自學”(teach oneself-learn…by oneself)(11)在…方面幫助help…with…-help… (to)do…(12)在…差be weak in…-do badly in…(13)能/會…can-be able to(14)更喜歡…like…better than…-prefer…to…(15)充滿了…be full of…-be filled with…(16)放棄干…give up doing…-stop doing…(17)不再… no longer-not …any longer(18)照顧/保管 take care of…-look after(19)展覽 on show-on display(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing-keep/prevent…from doing…(21)由于 thanks to-because of…(22)舉手hands up-put up one's hands(23)最后，終于at last-in the end(24)與…不同 be different from…-be not the same as…(25)從…借入… borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火車/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to…(27)乘自行車去… go to…by bike-ride a bike to…(28)為…感到自豪 be proud of…-be the pride of…(29)步行去… walk to…-go to…on foot (30)獨自地by oneself -alone等。例如：

A：The children had a good time in the park.

B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park.

2、同義句型之間的轉化。常見的同義句型有①It seems that 從句→Somebody seems(to be)+adj/n ②It's kind of sb. to do…→Somebody is kind to do… ③What does…mean?→What do you mean by…? 或What's the meaning of…?④There is something wrong with…→Something is wrong with… ⑤not…until…與when/after/before引導的時間狀語從句的轉換 ⑥What's wrong with…?→What's the matter with…? ⑦How is…?→What's…like…?⑧How do you like…?→What do you think of?⑧It's time that…→It's time for sb. to do…⑨It's said that…→People say that…⑩Can I help you? →What can I do for you?

例如：

A：I went to bed after I finished my homework.

B：I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.

3、if引導的條件狀語從句的轉化。例如：

A：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, they'll go to the park.

B：Unless it rains tomorrow, they'll go to the park.

A：If you don't hurry, you'll be late.

B：Hurry up, or you'll be late.

A：Fish can't live if there is no water.

B：Fish can't live without water.

4、現在完成時態中的一句多譯。在現在完成時態中，結束性動詞不能與時間段連用，必須改成相應的延續性動詞。常見的動詞轉換有：buy-have, borrow-keep, die-be dead, open-be open, join-be in+組織/be a +成員, begin-be on, leave-be away from, close-be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to-be in/at, finsh-be over, go to sleep-be asleep，get up-be up.

例如：The old man died five months ago.

The old man has been dead since five months ago.

The old man has been dead for five months.

It's five months since the old man died.

Five months has passed since the old man died.

5、簡單句與復合句之間的轉換。

①含賓語從句的復合句與簡單句的轉換。例如：

A：I saw they were playing football on the playground.

B：I saw them playing football on the playground.

A：The teacher found that she was very clever.

B：The teacher found her very clever.

A：He found that it was hard to learn English well.

B：He found it hard to learn English well.

A：We are sure that we will win to first match.

B：We are sure to win to first match.

由疑問代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句可轉化為“疑問句+不定式”結構。例如：

A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

B：Could you tell me how to get to the railway station?

A：We don't know what we should do next.

B：We don't know what to do next.

②由when/after/before/while/since/until引導的時間狀語從句可轉化為when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing…

例如：

A：They went home after they finished their work.

B：The went home after finishing their work.

A：Mr Smith has taught English since he came to China.

B：Mr Smith has taught English since coming to China.

When sb. +be+數詞+years old→at the age of+歲數

A：When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper.

B：At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper.

③由so…that…引導的結果狀語從句可轉化為too…to do或…enough to do……例如：

A：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

B：The box is too heavy for me to carry.

或：The box isn't light enough for me to carry.

A：The child is so old that he can go to school.

B：The child is old enough to go to school.

④由so that 引導的目的狀語從句可轉化為in order to do例如：

A：My father got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus.

B：My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus.

⑤由because 引導的原因狀語從句可轉化為because of…例如：

A：We didn't go to the park because it rained.

B：We didn't go to the park because of the rain.

⑥定語從句可以轉化為介詞短語或分詞短語。例如：

A：The man who is on the bike is Jim.

B：The man on the bike is Jim.

A：The man who is driving the red car is my boss.

B：The man driving the red car is my boss.

A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister.

B：The girl called Mary is my sister.

6、用并列連詞neither…nor;either…or…;both…and…;not only…but also…連句。例如：

A：I haven't seen a TV play for long, and Lily hasn't either.

B：Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long.

A：Tom is good at maths, and he is good at French, too.

B：Tom is good at both maths and French.

neither…nor…, either…or…和not only…but also…連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞依靠近它的主語而定，即“就近原則”，但是both…and用來連接兩個主語時，謂語復數。

7、主動語與被動語態的互變。

“主動”變“被動”實行“三變二不變”原則?！叭儭奔词侵髡Z，謂語和賓語的變化，“二不變”即時態不變，句式不變。例如：

A：They make watches in the town.

B：Watches are made by them in the town.

A：I can finish the work before eight.

B：The work can be finished(by me)before eight.

A：Do they grow rice in South China?

B：Is rice grown in South China?

注：使役性動詞make或感觀性動詞see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel在主動語態中所帶省to的不定式賓補變為被動語態時，必須加上to.

A：I saw him take your umbrella.

B：He was seen to take your umbrella.

8、形容詞、副詞二級之間的轉化，例如

A：Chinese is the most important subject of all.

B：Chinese is more important than any other subject.

A：This exercise is easier than the other two.

B：This exercise is the easiest of the three.

Ⅵ.解題指導

要做好句型轉換題，必須注意如下幾點：

1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英語的不同結構表達技巧。

2、弄清題意，明確題目考查點，了解題目所給句子與答句之間的關系。

3、注意從多角度，全方位考慮問題，突破難點，注意復查，看是否按要求完成了轉換。

通過上述的歸納和指導，可以理清學生的“依章辦事”的解題思路，養成“有條不紊”的解題習慣，培養多角度思維解題的能力，從而達到提高學習效率的目的。

特殊疑問句

注：1、一般情況：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句構成。

2、特殊疑問詞在句中充當成分。

3、不用yes ,no回答，直接回答。

4、讀降調。

5、常用疑問詞：who, what, whose, where, how, which, when, why, how many, how much, how far. How long, how often, how soon, how high, 等。

對劃線部分提問。(把各句變為特殊疑問句)

1、 對主語(人)提問：

The boy is running now. Who is running now?

2、 對表語(人)提問：

He is Lily's father. Who is he ?

3、 對介賓(人)提問：

She is looking for the little boy. Who is she looking for ?

4、 對動賓(人)提問：

I often help Wei Hua with English. Who do you often help with English?

5、 對間賓(人)提問：

Kate lent Tom a ball yesterday. Who did Kate lend a ball yesterday?

6、 對主語(東西)提問：

The books are on the desk.. What are on the desk ?

7、 對表語(東西)提問：

These are boats. What are these?

8、 對動賓(東西)提問：

I want a cup of tea. What do you want?

9對職業(提問)提問：

The man is a farmer. What is the man ? What does the man do?

10.對介賓(東西)提問：

He is looking for his pen. What is he looking for?

11、對是什么提問：

It's a Chinese car. What is it?

12、對計算結果提問：

Six and nine is fifteen. What is six and nine?

13、對年級提問：

I'm in Grade Three. What grade are you in?

14、對班級提問：

Li Lei is in Class Five. What class is Li Lei in?

15、對年級和班級提問：

Wei Hua is in Class Three Grade One, What class and grade is Wei hua in ?

16、對排提問:

We are in Row One. What row are you in?

注：1、對年級、班級、排提問時，問句中的in 不能去掉.

2，what 后的grade ,class ，row用小寫形式.

3,what根據實際譯為漢語.

17、對學號提問:

Lucy is Number Six. What number is Lucy? What is Lucy's number?

18、對后置定語提問:

This is a map of China. What map is this ?

19、對顏色提問:

The flowers are red. What color are the flowers?

20、對幾點幾分提問:

It's six. What time is it ? What's the time?

21、對名字提問:

My name is Li Lei. What's your name ?

22、對前置定語提問:

These apples are yours. Which apples are yours?

The best one is Lily's. Which one is Lily's?

23、對表語(名物代)提問:

This cup is yours. Whose is the cup?

24、對后置定語提問:

The boy in the hat is my brother. Which boy is your brother?

25、對后置定語提問:

I want to buy the shirt on the left. Which shirt do you want to buy?

26、對主語(名物代)提問:

Mine is red. Whose is red?

27、對定語(形物代)提問:

They are my books. Whose books are they?

28、對定語(名詞所有格)提問:

This is Lucy and Lily's room. Whose room is this?

29、對表語(名詞所有格)提問：

This cup is Kate's. Whose is this cup?

30對身體提問：

I'm fine (well, OK, All right.) How are you?

31、對年齡提問：

The boy is fifteen. How old are you?

32、對天氣提問：

It's cloudy today. How is the weather today?=What's the weather like today?

33、對語言提問：

I can spell it in English. How can you spell it?

34、對方式提問：

I often go to school on foot.(by bus ,by train , by bike?) How do you often go to school?

35、對程度提問：

She studies hard. How does she study?

36、對數量提問：

1,There are five birds in the tree. How many birds are there in the tree?

2,There is much water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle ?

3,There is an apple tree in front of the house. How many apple trees are there in front of the house?

37、對價格提問：The meat is ten yuan . How much is the meat?

注：1，對價格提問，be 應根據后面的主語而定。

2，單位yuan在問句中去掉。

38、對距離提問：

The factory is two kilometers from here. How far is the factory from here?

39、對長度提問：

The ruler is one metre long. How long is the ruler?

40、對for+一段時間提問：

We have stayed there for two hours. How long have you stayed there ?

He has lived here since 1997. How long has he lived here?

注：how long 后面必須是延續性動詞。

41、對星期提問：

Today is Monday. What day is it today?

42、對in+一段時間提問：

The woman will go to the shop in five minutes. How soon the woman will go to the shop?

43、對頻度副詞提問：

Liu Ying often carries water for Uncle Li. How often does Liu Ying carry water for Uncle Li?

44、對范圍內的次數提問：

I go swimming once a week in summer. How many times do you go swimming in summer?

45、對寬度提問：

The river is five metres wide. How wide is the river?

46、對原因狀語提問：

He didn't come to school because he was ill in bed. Why didn't he come to school?

注：表示“因為”的連詞有since, as , for, because.

47、對時間狀語提問：

We usually come to school at seven in the morning. When do you usually come to school?

48、對地點狀語提問：

The children sometimes play football on the playground. Where do the children sometimes play football?

49、對幾月幾日提問：

It's May 2 today. What's the date today?

50、對種類(后置定語)提問：

I want the cakes with nuts in them . What kind of cakes do you want?

51、對作什么提問：

The boys are playing in the tree. What are the boys doing in the tree?

熟記變特殊疑問句時，容易判斷錯的情況。

1、 數詞

表示年齡：He is fifty-five. How old is he ?

表示時間：It's fifty-five. What's the time?

表示加法：Six and two is eight. What's six and two?

表示價格：The shirt is thirty yuan . How much is the shirt?

表示多少：I have three brothers. How many brothers do you have?

2、 姓名和人

表示人名：My name is Gina. What's your name?

表示人：The woman is Gina. Who is the woman ?

3、 長度和距離

表示距離：It's five hundred metres away from here. How far is it from here?

表示長度：It's five hundred metres. How long is it ?

4、 顏色，東西

表示顏色：The shoes are white. What color are the shoes?

表示物：They are white sheep. What are they?

表示顏色：They are white sheep. What color are these sheep?

5、 名詞所有格和人

表示名詞所有格：She's Lucy's sister. Whose sister is she?

表示人：She's Lucy's sister. Who is she?

同義句轉換的九種類型

同義句轉換題是近幾年中考英語的一個?？碱}型，其出題形式通常是同時給出兩個句子，第一句完整，第二句中設有幾處空格，要求考生填入適當的詞或詞組，使第二句的`意思與第一句意思相同。它綜合考查考生的語法、詞匯、短語或習慣用語和句型結構等知識，要求運用所學的詞匯、語法知識和句型結構填寫句子，使句子結構完整、邏輯合理、語法知識無誤、意思與所給句子相同。通過對近幾年的中考英語試題中同義句轉換題的分析，我們發現中考英語同義句轉換題主要考查以下幾個方面：

一、運用同義詞(組)進行轉換

用同義詞或同義詞組對原句中的某些詞或詞組進行替換，注意轉換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應。如：

1. That day we could see flowers here and there.

That day we could see flowers __________.

分析：答案為everywhere。everywhere與here and there都表示“到處”。

2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.

分析：答案為looks after。take good care of與look after…well都表示“好好照顧”。

二、運用反義詞(組)的否定式進行轉換

即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達與原句相同的意思，主要考查學生對反義詞(詞組)的積累和換位思維的能力。如：

1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.

It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.

分析：答案為same as。be different from意為“與……不同”;the same as意為“與……相同”，其否定式與be different from同義。

2. I think wealth is less important than health.

I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.

分析：答案為don’t，more。less important的意思是“沒有(不及)……重要”;more important的意思是“(比)……更重要”，該結構與not連用，則表示“不比……更重要”。

另外，有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用，而只需改變句子結構也可構成同義句。如：

He lent some money to his friend.

He friend ___ some money ___ him.

分析：答案為borrowed，from。borrow…from意為“向……借……”;lend…to意為“把……借給……”。兩個結構意思相反，但若變換“借出者”與“借入者”的位置，則可轉換為同義句。

三、運用不同語態進行轉換

即運用主動語態與被動語態的變化來轉換同義詞，但此時要特別注意時態、動詞一致性。如：

1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.

分析：答案為be given back。被動句中含有情態動詞should，因此助動詞用be。

2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.

分析：答案為are，used。computers是復數名詞，助動詞用are。

四、非延續性動詞與延續性動詞的相互轉換

即非延續性動詞與延續性動詞進行轉換，此時往往會涉及時態的變化。如：

1. The manager left two hours ago.

The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.

分析：答案為has been away。leave為非延續性動詞，不能與for two hours這樣的一段時間連用，而改成be away這樣的延續性動詞后，則可連用一段時間。

2. The film began five minutes ago.

The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

分析：答案為on for。has been提示時態是現在完成時態，“for+時間段”表示“持續(一段時間)”，常用在含有現在完成時態的句子里。

3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

答案：has been in。短暫動詞join，意為“參加、加入(組織，政黨)”，不能與延續時間狀語連用，與延續性時間狀語連用時，將join改成be in或be a member in…。

五、運用不同引語進行轉換

即將直接引語變為間接引語或將間接引語轉換成直接引語。此時還要注意相關時態、人稱、動詞、狀語等相應的變化。如：

1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.

He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.

分析：答案為told，had found。此題是將直接引語轉換成間接引語。

2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.

He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.

分析：答案為asked if/ whether, before。此題是將疑問句的直接引語轉換成間接引語。

六、運用簡單句與復合句之間的轉換

即將簡單句變成同義的復合句或將復合句變成同義的簡單句。如：

1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.

We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.

分析：答案為because of。將原因狀語從句because it was raining改為表示原因的介詞短語because of the rain。

2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.

He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

分析：答案為too excited to。將so…that…換成too…to…結構，原句的that從句為結果狀語從句，改寫句中的不定式仍表結果。

3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

分析：答案為how you can。即將原句中的“疑問詞+不定式”結構轉換成賓語從句。

4. You should put them back after you use them.

You should put them back _____ _____ them.

分析：答案為after using。即將after引導的狀語從句改寫為after引導的介詞短語。

七、運用并列句與復合句之間的轉換

即將并列句變成同義的復合句或將復合句變成同義的并列句。如：

1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.

____ we ____ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

分析：答案為If，don’t。if引導條件狀語從句。

2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.

The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.

分析：答案為who/ that，will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week為定語從句，修飾先行詞the man。

八、運用關聯連詞連接或合并句子

即運用關聯連詞both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等將兩個簡單句合并為一個簡單句。此時要注意的是，both…and…連接兩個主語時，謂語總是用復數，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞通常應與靠近的主語保持一致。如：

1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.

______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

分析：答案填Neither，nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……(兩者)都不”，剛好與原句的兩個否定結構的意思相吻合。

2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

分析：答案為Both，and。both…and…的意思是“……和……(兩者)都”。

3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.

分析：答案為not only，but also。表示“不僅……而且……”之意。

九、利用某些典型句式或結構進行轉換

這類典型結構如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等。如：

1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.

分析：答案為so do。句意為“……他的父母也一樣(一樣想去)”。

2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

分析：答案為didn’t，until。not…until意為“直到……才”。

初中英語知識點總結 篇14

名詞

名詞的可數與不可數

可數名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數來計量，它有單數與復數兩種形式。不可數名詞指所表示的事物不能用數來計量。物質名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數目，來統計，都成為不可數名詞。

不可數名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an來表示數量，沒有復數形式。要表示“一個……”這一概念，就須加a piece

of這一類短語。要注意許多名詞在漢語里看來是可數名詞，在英語里卻不可數。如chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。

名詞復數的規則變化

A.一般情況下加-s。

B.以s, x, ch, sh, 結尾的加-es

C.以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i再加-es

D.以f，fe結尾的，去掉f或fe，變成v再加-es

名詞的所有格

A. 單數名詞詞尾加’s，復數名詞詞尾若沒有s，也要加’s。

如the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball

B. 表示幾個人共有一樣東西，只需在最后一個人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，則需在各個名字后’ s。

如This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.

C. 如果是通過在詞尾加—s構成的復數形式的名詞，只加’。如the students’ books，the girls’ blouses

(另外名詞+of+名詞名詞是有生命的，我們就用’s結構來表示所有關系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無生命的，我們就要用名詞+of+名詞的結構來表示所有關系。)

代詞

人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞

人稱代詞

第一人稱單數I me my mine myself復數 we us our ours ourselves

第二人稱單數 you you your yours yourself復數 you you your yours yourselves

第三人稱單數 he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its

itself復數

they them their theirs themselves

物主代詞

物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞后面一定要跟上一個名詞;名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語、賓語。

反身代詞

反身代詞的構成分兩種第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞性物主代詞后加上self或selves，第三人稱的反身代詞在賓格代詞后加上self或selves.

反身代詞的用法一種是作賓語，由主語發出的動作又回到動作者本身。如I enjoyed myself at the party.

另一種是作名詞或代詞的同位語;用來加強語氣。如I can do it myself.

指示代詞

指示代詞的`特殊用法

● 為了避免重復，可用that，those代替前面提到過的名詞，但是this，these不可以。

this，that有時可代替句子或句子中的一部分。

不定代詞

one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等

冠詞

不定冠詞an用在元音讀音開頭(不是指元音字母)的詞前，其余用不定冠詞a.

定冠詞的基本用法

A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

B. 指談話雙方都知道的人或事物前面。

C. 用在單數可數名詞前面，表示某一類人或事物。

定冠詞的特殊用法

A. 用在世界上獨一無二的事物或方位名詞前。

B. 用在序數詞、形容詞的最高級及only所修飾的名詞前。

C. 用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。

D. 用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構成的專有名詞前面。

E. 用在姓氏的復數形式前面，表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。

F. 用在樂器名稱前。

G. 和某些形容詞連用，表示某一類人或事物。

名詞前不用冠詞的情況

A. 在專有名詞 (包括人名、地名、節日、月份、季節) 、物質名詞和抽象名詞前—般不用冠詞。但在以Festival組成的民間節日前要加the。

B. 表示一類人或事物的復數名詞前。

C. 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時，不用冠詞。

D. 三餐飯、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前一般不用冠詞。正在有些詞組中，有無冠詞含義不同。

(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌邊

go to school去上學;go to the school去那所學校;in hospital住院;in the

hospital在那個醫院里